Talking about material coding in ERP system of shoe-making enterprises
Introduction
At present, in order to cope with fierce market competition and comprehensively improve the management of enterprises, many shoe-making enterprises (including professional rubber boots manufacturers) are considering implementing the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, or considering the original information system used. The traditional material requirements planning system (ERP) or manufacturing resource planning system (MRPII) is upgraded to the enterprise resource planning system. After we decided to implement the ERP system, one of the first problems we encountered was the problem of material coding. The material coding problem seems to be a very simple problem, but if we can't pay enough attention, it is likely to cause serious problems for the implementation of our ERP system: it may affect the operating efficiency of the system, increase the operating burden and operation of the system. The resistance of the people may lead to the paralysis of the entire system. Therefore, correct, scientific and reasonable material coding will be the prerequisite for the successful and smooth implementation of our ERP system.
This article is a summary of some experiences in the shoe-making enterprise information management system, which can provide some reference for the material coding of the shoe-making enterprise ERP system.
The principle of material coding
In order to materialize the importance of material coding for companies implementing ERP systems, we must first clearly define our material coding principles.
1. Scientific principles
The scientific coding of materials is the first principle of material coding. The so-called scientific nature means that the structure, composition, and length of the material code should be scientific and reasonable. We often encounter the company's material coding staff, and even the top management of the company. It is always desirable to reflect all the material properties of the material in the material code, so that people can know what it is at a glance from the material code. However, do we really have such a necessity in actual work? How many people in our company can truly describe the material accurately from thousands of material codes? Even if someone can, what does it mean to the company? What we need to be particularly clear is that the main purpose of material coding is to facilitate the computerized management of enterprises and to facilitate the understanding, identification and operation of computers. It is not really for our managers and operators. In fact, we will not see the material code in any yard without looking at the material description! Therefore, how to scientifically and reasonably code materials should be the first principle of our company's material coding.
2. Normative principles
The so-called material coding standardization means that the material coding property, coding length, letter size, etc. should be basically unified. Although in the material coding of general ERP systems, we may allow the use of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers and even Chinese characters or other special symbols, but if we do not have uniform, standardized material coding principles, it will inevitably lead to confusion of our coders, and may also lead to Repeated coding of materials, which in turn affects the efficiency and accuracy of the system. Therefore, in material coding, we should establish a basic uniform material coding specification. Uniform and standardized material coding will be beneficial to our computer operators, especially those who are involved in the establishment of basic materials, such as BOM operators, etc., to find material information and build files such as shoe type BOM, thereby improving the work of the entire operator. effectiveness. In addition, uniform, standardized material coding ensures the integrity and aesthetics of the output.
3, the principle of practicality
The practical principle of material coding means that when we build materials and archives, we should follow the usual principles to encode the materials, and we should also consider our work habits. In most shoe-making enterprises, the "Order Production Order" (some factories are called "planning" or "order work order") are often the main materials, such as leather materials or imitation leather materials. According to this, it may be cloth materials, foam, and midsole materials. In this way, we must pay attention to the most commonly used materials and colors in the front position when writing material categories, fine categories, material colors, and specific material codes. For example, in the world famous brand of footwear manufacturers, leather materials are often the most important materials and the most commonly used materials. If our material category is represented by letters, then we can set the large class code of leather materials to A, in this way, when we select the material information, the leather material will appear in the front position. All material-indexed output data, leather material will also appear in the foremost position.
4, the principle of scalability
The principle of extensibility of material coding means that we must pay attention to the preparation of material coding (actually all the basic data coding operations are the same) in order to ensure the establishment of new materials for such materials. We know that new materials are emerging one after another, and new products are constantly appearing. This may require us to add new materials at any time. If we make the coding of the materials too compact and leave no room for us, it will make us new materials. Difficult to write.
The classification of materials for shoe companies
Although the materials used by a shoe-making company may be recognized in thousands and tens of thousands, and although new materials are constantly being developed and emerged, it is not difficult to classify them. In general, shoe material categories can be divided into: leather materials, imitation leather materials, cloth materials, processing materials, auxiliary materials, bottom materials, hardware, chemical materials, packaging materials. However, because the main products of different shoe factories are different, even if they are the same, the main materials of the factory may be different due to different grades. Therefore, it is necessary to classify according to the actual conditions of the factory materials. For example, in the high-end sports shoes, work shoes, and women's shoes, the most used materials are all kinds of leather materials. Then, when we divide the material categories, we can divide the leather materials into several categories, such as Cowhide, pigskin, sheepskin, crazy horse skin, etc. The shoe-making enterprises that produce low-end sports shoes, women's shoes or other footwear products use more PU, PVC, cloth materials, etc. Then, the leather materials we classify them into a large category, namely "leather material". For man-made materials, they are classified into several categories, such as PU materials, PVC materials, and other artificial leather materials. Fabric materials can also be divided into several categories, such as canvas and other cloth materials.
Similarly, in the classification of material categories, we also need to establish the category file data according to the amount of materials, which can be classified in a thick line or in a finer way. In general, if a certain type of material is used less, it is classified by thick lines, whereas if a certain type of material is the main material of the factory, a finer classification is used. For example, in the women's shoe factory, the mesh cloth is used less, or not used much, then we can directly use the "mesh cloth" as a fine category, regardless of its texture, weight, etc. However, in the sports shoe factory, there are many types of mesh cloths. Simply dividing it into a fine category of "mesh cloth" may cause a lot of inconvenience, so in the cloth material, the mesh cloth is built into several fine categories. Such as "K083 mesh", "K093 mesh" and so on.
In short, our classification of materials should be based on the specific conditions of the factory. Our material classifiers should have a comprehensive understanding and mastery of the materials in our factory. Otherwise, it will bring a lot of inconvenience to our future operations.
The material composition of the material composition
We can easily find out from the material descriptions of various shoe-making enterprises that most of the shoe-making materials only include three attributes: material name (material category), material color and material specification. Some materials may include lines (such as some leather materials), grams weight (such as mesh materials, foam, etc.), mold numbers (such as outsole materials) and so on. Therefore, for the properties of materials, we can divide them into basic and special properties. The basic attributes are: material category, material classification, material color, material specification, etc.; special attributes are: material texture, model number, gram weight, etc. Then our material code should include the basic properties of the materials, namely the material category (large categories, classification), material color, material specifications, plus the serial number.
The length of the coding and encoding of the material properties
1, the material category
The material class is relatively small, and it can be expressed in 1 byte. My suggestion is that the material category is indicated in English capital letters. Such as A---leather material; B---PVC---PU and so on.
2, material classification
Material classification is actually a supplement to the classification of materials, in fact, the name of the material, such as anti-fur, soft dough, bead skin and so on. Since the material classification is much larger than that of the large class, there are dozens and hundreds of categories of materials in a large class, so it is intended to be written by 3-4 bytes. My suggestion is that the material classification is preferably expressed in 4 bytes, the number of which is indicated by English capital letters and numbers. Such as bead skin ---- AA01, the first A is the material of a large class of a leather, the second to fourth bytes represent the bead skin.
3, material color
Shoe manufacturers have very strict control over the color of materials. The chromatic aberration of any material may lead to poor quality of the finished shoes. It is even labeled as B and C products, especially for OEMs that produce well-known brands. More rigorous, even harsh. Therefore, the management of material color is very important for shoe manufacturers! For this reason, we also need to pay special attention when coding the color of materials. My suggestion is that the material color coding is intended to consist of 5 bytes, represented by uppercase English letters and numbers, with the first and second digits in white series and BL in blue series. The last three bytes are used to write a specific color code. According to the coding scheme of the above colors, we can edit white, white, white, and white, respectively, into WH000, WH001, WH002, WH003, and so on.
Of course, another method is to directly use the international standard color number as the material color number, but the problem of this coding is that the international standard color number of some colors exceeds 5 bytes, and some color numbers are less than 5 words. Sections, and the international standard color numbers are almost all expressed in numbers, which will increase the operator's troubles when working in the system. In addition, it is important to note that many colors are very difficult to express in Chinese. You can add their standard color numbers to their color names, such as white cloth 19-1703.
4, material specifications
In the shoe-making enterprises, the majority of material specifications refer to the thickness or width of the material. The specification of "leather material" generally refers to the thickness of the leather, such as 1.0~1.2mm, 1.2~1.4mm, 1.4~1.6mm, etc. Etc.; "cloth material" specifications generally include thickness and width, such as 1.2mm white PVC54, white 4mmKF3604 and so on. From the above specifications, we can see: (1) the specifications of the materials are almost always expressed by numbers; (2) the numbers indicating the specifications are generally two or three. Therefore, the material specification is intended to be expressed in 2 or 3 bytes, 1.2~1.4mm we can write "124" or "12", 1.4~1.6mm we can write "146" or "14", and 36 "44" we can directly write "360" "440" or "36" "46".
5, material texture
In the shoe-making enterprises, only some leather and artificial leather materials have a grain concept. Therefore, there is always a big controversy about whether the properties of the material texture should enter the material coding. I think that there are not many texture lines, and only some leather and imitation leather have texture, so the meaning of the texture attribute into the material code is not big. Of course, if you really think it is necessary to incorporate the material texture attributes into the material code, then the material texture attribute is represented by 2 bytes. R8 pattern, we can directly represent it as R8, or directly use the serial number. 01 to express.
6, the serial number
The material serial number is mainly used to distinguish material coding operations with very small material differences, and such materials are generally less. Therefore, we can use the material serial number to represent 1~2 bytes. Of course, for processing materials, in order to better distinguish, the serial number can be a few more, generally 3 to 4 is appropriate.
The coding scheme
According to the principle of material coding above, the material code of the shoe-making enterprise is composed of 12~16 (bit) letters and numbers. The specific coding scheme is as follows:
Material Category Material Code Attribute Composition Material Code Length
Leather material Material category + material color + material specification + (material texture) + serial number 14~16
Imitation leather material Material category + material color + material specification + (material texture) + serial number 14~16
Cloth material Material color + material specification + serial number 14
Foaming material Material color + material specification + serial number 14
Auxiliary materials Material color + material specification + serial number 14
Processing materials Material color + material specifications + serial number 16
Outsole material material color + material specification + serial number 14
Chemical Materials Material Color + Material Specification + Serial Number 14
Packaging materials Material color + material specifications + serial number 14